FORVM Crusaders Frankish Greece Principality of Achaea Florent of Hainaut

Description

Crusaders, Frankish Greece, Principality of Achaea, Florent of Hainaut, 1289 - 1297
The crusades were military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims. The origin of the word may be traced to the cross made of cloth and worn as a badge on the outer garment of those who took part in these enterprises. The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th and 13th century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Sicily, Greece, Asia Minor, and the Holy Land, and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area. Politics were complicated, including a Christian alliance with the Islamic Sultanate of Rûm during the Fifth Crusade. The Crusaders ravaged the countries they marched through, killed 8,000 Jews in the Rhineland in the first of Europe's pogroms, devastated the Mediterranean ports, fought amongst themselves as much as the 'Infidel' and fleeced their subjects to fill their coffers. Murder and massacre in the service of the Gospel was commonplace. Seventy thousand civilians were butchered in the sack of Jerusalem. The end came in 1291 with the fall of Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Holy Land.
Florent of Hainaut was Prince of Achaea in right of his wife, Isabella of Villehardouin. He was the son of John I of Avesnes and Adelaide of Holland. From his father he received the stadholdership of Zeeland. After he left Zeeland, he took up service with Charles II of Naples, who made him constable of the Kingdom of Naples. Florent settled with his wife in Morea. He negotiated the Treaty of Glarentsa with the Byzantine Empire in 1290; however, the situation for the Franks in Greece was hopeless by this time. The fall of the Angevins in Sicily meant that they were preoccupied with recouping territory there and few Western governments would send troops to defend Morea. Florent thus made peace and maintained it until 1293, when the Greeks retook Kalamata. Florent did not despair and did not reopen the war which had been ongoing until his succession: he instead sent an embassy in protest to Andronikos II Palaiologos, and the emperor returned Kalamata. In 1296, the Greeks retook the castle of Saint George in Arcadia. Florent besieged the castle, but died before it could be taken.
CR88455. Billon denier tournois, references: Malloy Crusaders 13a; Metcalf Crusades variety F2, pl. 39, 956; Schlumberger XII 18; condition: VF, toned, die wear, mint: Clarentza, weight: 0.829g, maximum diameter: 19.6mm, die axis: 270
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, date struck: 1289 - 1297; obverse + FLORENS P Ach (curly foot R = Clarentza mint), cross pattée, drooping bell shaped flower with two buds following legend (a pun on the prince's name?); reverse DE CLARENCIA' (curly foot R = Clarentza mint), castle tournois, concave gable, surmounted by a cross; additional comments: from the Louis G Estate;
very scarce
, 8
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